What and where are Buddhist pilgrimage sites?

The major Buddhist pilgrimage sites are places connected to the life of the Buddha or his remains.

There are other sites which are connected to the practice of Buddhism by Buddhists.

Four major sites

The Buddha’s last words, in the Mahā Parinibbāna Sutta, documents how the disciple, Ananda, was concerned about how Buddhists might be inspired after the Buddha’s passing. The Buddha replied that there are four places to visit that would “merit feelings of urgency and dismay”. These are:

1. Lumbini – where the Buddha was born,

2. Bodh Gaya – where He was awakened,

3. Sarnath – where He first taught the Dhamma, and

4. Kusināra – where He finally passed.

Next four sacred sites

These four other sacred sites connected with major episodes during Lord Buddha’s life were later identified by Buddhists, and together the above make the eight places of the Buddhist “pilgrimage circuit”. With time and archaeological advances, other locations were established as being historically associated with the life of the Buddha, where he resided for some time with his disciples or where recorded events during his life took place.

1. Savatthi – Where the Buddha performed the Twin Miracle to silence the heretics.  Thereafter, He ascended to Tavatimsa Heaven to preach to His Mother, and the devas of that heaven, the Abidhamma or Higher Dhamma,

2. Sankassa – Where the Buddha descended from Tavatimsa Heaven accompanied by Brahma and Sakka, after preaching to His mother and the devas for the three months of the rains retreat (vassa).  This was the only occasion when humans could see beings of the heavenly and hell realms with their naked eyes,

3. Rajagaha – where the Buddha tamed the drunken elephant, Nalagiri, and

4. Vesali – where the Buddha rid the city of a plague of disease and malevolent spirits and preached the Ratana Sutta (the Discourse on Jewels).

Other sites relevant to the Buddha’s life and remains

• Kapilavattu (Kapilavastu) – where he grew up

• Ramagramma Stupa housing the Buddha’s remains

• Some of the related archaeological artifacts have been removed from their original locations and placed elsewhere, for example, the museums and they relate to the sites as well.

Most of these places are in present day India, whereas some are in Nepal.

Other Buddhist heritage sites

As Buddhism has been practised for over 2,500 years, there are numerous ancient places associated with the practice, such as temples and monuments.

These sites could be associated with important Buddhist or monks, for instance.

They could be found in India and Nepal, but there are also many places internationally that the interested Buddhist might find relevant as well.